Types of Medical Certificates for a Pilot’s License: What You Need to Know
If you’re learning to fly or pursuing a career in aviation, you’ll need a medical certificate. This certificate confirms that you’re healthy enough to operate an aircraft safely, and it’s required by the FAA before you can earn most pilot licenses.
There are three classes of medical certificates, and each one serves a different purpose depending on the type of flying you plan to do.
What Is a Medical Certificate?
A medical certificate is issued by an FAA-authorized Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). It verifies that you meet certain health standards set by the FAA. The certificate you need depends on whether you’re flying for fun, training, or for commercial work.
First-Class Medical Certificate
Required for: Airline transport pilots (e.g., airline captains or first officers)
Key points:
- Most stringent medical standards
- Includes vision, hearing, mental health, and cardiovascular evaluations
- Must be issued by an AME
How long it’s valid:
- 12 months if you’re under 40
- 6 months if you’re 40 or older
After it expires, it may still count as a second- or third-class certificate, depending on your age and health.
Second-Class Medical Certificate
Required for: Commercial pilots (e.g., charter, cargo, crop-dusting, or paid flight instruction)
Key points:
- Slightly less strict than first-class, but still requires a medical exam
- Must be obtained from an AME
How long it’s valid:
- 12 months, regardless of age
After expiration, it can still serve as a third-class certificate if eligible.
Third-Class Medical Certificate
Required for: Private pilots, recreational pilots, and student pilots flying for personal use
Key points:
- Basic medical checkup: vision, hearing, and general health
- Easiest and most accessible type of medical certificate
How long it’s valid:
- 60 months (5 years) if you’re under 40
- 24 months (2 years) if you’re 40 or older
What About BasicMed?
BasicMed is an alternative for some private pilots. Instead of getting a third-class medical certificate through an AME, you can:
- Hold a prior FAA medical certificate (issued after July 14, 2006)
- Get a physical exam from a state-licensed doctor every 4 years
- Complete an online FAA medical education course every 2 years
Limitations with BasicMed:
- Can’t fly aircraft over 6,000 lbs or with more than 6 people on board
- Can’t fly above 18,000 feet or faster than 250 knots
- Not valid for commercial flying
Final Thoughts
Your medical certificate is more than a formality—it’s a critical part of aviation safety. Whether you’re flying for fun or building a career, make sure you understand which certificate you need, how long it lasts, and when to renew it.
If you’re unsure where to start, talk to a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) or schedule an appointment with an Aviation Medical Examiner. Staying healthy and informed will help you enjoy the skies with confidence.